universal design, universal design for learning, special educational needs, inclusion
Abstract
Modern-day international declarations regarding education clearly prefer non-segregated schooling. Creating accessible learning environments has roots in universal design. Universal design should be based on building environments and creating products and services for all potential recipients regardless of their age, skills and abilities, cultural background or other individual characteristics. The concept of universal design puts a great emphasis both on diversity and on inclusion. Based on the analysis of the latest literature, the authors present the principles of universal design and their practical application in universal design for learning, that is, accessible education for all, including students with special educational needs; in particular: diversifying the means teachers use to present knowledge, diversifying the ways students express their knowledge, and diversifying the ways students and teachers engage. Progress makes it possible to provide non-segregated, mainstream education. It cannot be provided only through changes in the regulations, though - it should be a task shared by general and special education.
