Echoes of Medieval and Pre-Modern Animal Trials in the Interlude Declamatio sub forma iudicii (1735)

Autor

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31261/RS.2021.20.06

Słowa kluczowe:

animal trials, human-animal divide, interlude, anthropomorphization

Abstrakt

Declamatio sub forma judicii can be found in the Graudenz Codex (1731–1740). It is an interlude that jokingly reports an animal trial. The interlude is a humorous treatment of the historical trials on animals that continued from the Middle Ages to the eighteenth century. On
the one hand, such eighteenth-century discussions of animal trials continued the medieval tradition. This would confirm the diagnosis about the existence of the “long Middle Ages”, especially in Central and Eastern Europe, where the cultural trends could be somehow belated in comparison to those in the West. On the other hand, perhaps writing about animal trials in the eighteenth century was already a form of medievalism. High culture propagated anthropocentrism in its thinking about animals, while folk culture entailed anthropomorphism. In animal trials animals are treated as subjects to the same regulations as humans, which means that they were seen as very much similar to humans. The eighteenth-century interlude recreates this tradition, but it is a source of satirical laughter.

Bibliografia

Alexander, Dominic, 2008: Saints and Animals in the Middle Ages. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press.

Bjaî, Denis, Boudou, Bénédicte, Céard, Jean, and Pantin, Isabelle, 2002: Michel de Montaigne. Les Essais. Livre second. Paris: Le Livre de Poche.

Bowden, Muriel, 1967: A Commentary on the General Prologue to the Canterbury Tales. London: A Condor Book, Constable and Company Ltd.

Classen, Albrecht, 2010, ed.: “Einleitung”. In: Tiere als Freunde im Mittelalter. Eine Anthologie. Eds. Gabriela Kompatscher, Albrecht Classen, and Peter Dinzelbacher. Badenweiler: Wissenschaflicher Verlag Bachmann, 7–31.

Crane, Susan, 2013: Animal Encounters: Contacts and Concepts in Medieval Britain. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

Dąbrówka, Andrzej, 2002: ,,Dawne procesy zwierząt jako dramaty rytualne”. Teksty Drugie, no. V, 23–35.

Dufournet, Jean, 1985: Le Roman de Renart. Vol. 1. Paris: Champion.

Evans, Edward Payson, 2009: The Criminal Prosecution and Capital Punishment of Animals. New Jersey: The Lawbook Exchange.

Fontaine, Jean de La, 2007: The Complete Fables of Jean de La Fontaine. Trans. Norman N. Shapiro. Chicago: University of Illinois Press.

Jones, Timothy S., 2010: Outlawry in Medieval Literature. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Kaufman, Amy S., 2010: “Medieval Unmoored”. Studies in Medievalism XIX: Defining Neomedievalism(s). Cambridge: D.S. Brewer, 1–17.

Kompatscher, Gabriela, Albrecht Classen, and Peter Dinzelbacher, 2010, ed.: Tiere als Freunde im Mittelalter. Eine Anthologie. Badenweiler: Wissenschaflicher Verlag Bachmann.

Krawiec, Adam, 2000: Seksualność w średniowiecznej Polsce. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Poznańskie.

Lewański, Julian, 1998: „Intermedium”. In: Słownik literatury staropolskiej: średniowiecze, renesans, barok. Ed. Teresa Michałowska. Wrocław, Warszawa, Kraków: Ossolineum, 352–354.

Lovejoy, Arthur O., 1976: The Great Chain of Being: A Study of the History of an Idea. Harvard: Harvard University Press.

Matthews, David, 2015: Medievalism: A Critical History. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer.

Montaigne, Michel de, 1569: “Apology for Raimond Sebond”. Sophia Project Philosophy Archives. http://www.sophiaproject.org/uploads/1/3/9/5/13955288/montaigne_sebond.pdf. Date of access: 22.01.2021.

Ossowska, Maria, 1983: ,,Z dziejów pojęcia odpowiedzialności’’. [From the History of Responsibility as a Concept]. In: O człowieku, moralności i nauce. Miscellanea. [On Humans, Morality, and Scholarship]. Ed. Maria Ossowska. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 399–403.

Phillips, Helen, 2005: “The French Background”. In: Chaucer. An Oxford Guide. Ed. Steve Ellis. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 292–312.

Prendergast, Thomas A. and Stephanie Trigg, 2019: Affective Medievalism: Love, Abjection and Discontent. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

Preston, Todd, 2019: “Animals and Animal Studies”. In: Encyclopaedia of the Global Middle Ages. https://www.bloomsburymedievalstudies.com/encyclopediachapter?docid=b-9781350990005&tocid=b-9781350990005-06411608&st=todd+preston. Date of access: 10.06.2021.

Ropa, Anastasija, 2019: Practical Horsemanship in Medieval Arthurian Romance. Budapest: Trivent Publishing.

Taylor, Jamie, 2015: “Animal Rights, Legal Agency, and Cultural Difference in the Testament of the Buck”. In: Theorizing Legal Personhood in Late Medieval England. Ed. Andreea D. Boboc. Leiden: Brill, 270–290.

Waddell, Helen, trans., 1946: Beasts and Saints. London: Constable and Company Ltd.

Opublikowane

2021-12-20

Jak cytować

Czarnowus, A. (2021). Echoes of Medieval and Pre-Modern Animal Trials in the Interlude Declamatio sub forma iudicii (1735). Romanica Silesiana, 20(2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.31261/RS.2021.20.06