Taharruš—sexual harassment in the Arab world illus-trated on the example of Egypt. Part 2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31261/SEIA.2018.18.02Keywords:
Egypt, Islam, Arab culture, sexual harassment, sex segregationAbstract
Group sexual harassment in the Arab World, so called ta arruš, has reached an extraordinary extent in recent years. The problem remains unsolved despite various state actions and social initiatives. The text argues that the failure of the initiatives and information campaigns results from the fact that those actions and initiatives locate the causes outside the cultural and religious system, while it is the social structure itself, maintained by the universal nomos of religion and culture, that generates sexual frustrations which are in turn being vented in a manner combin‑ ing elements of teasing and aggression. This is the second part of the text—the first contained a presentation of the problem, this part offers its analysis and explanation.
References
Abdelmonem A.: Reconceptualizing Sexual Harassment in Egypt: A Longitudinal Assessment of el-Ta arrush el-Ginsy in Arabic Online Forums and Anti-Sexual Harassment Activism. „Kohl:
A Journal for Body and Gender Research” 2015, vol. 1, no. 1, s. 23–41.
Abdul-Raof H.: Schools of Qur’anic Exegesis. Genesis and Development. Abingdon 2013.
Alfadhel Kh.: The Failure of the Arab Spring. Newcastle upon Tyne 2016.
Amar P.: Turning the Gendered Politics of the Security State Inside Out? Charging the Police with Sexual Harassment in Egypt. „International Feminist Journal of Politics” 2011, vol. 13, no. 3, s. 299–
Arab Spring and Arab Women. Challenges and Opportunities. Ed. M.S. Olimat. London – New York 2013.
Arabska Wiosna. Kulturowy obraz przemian w świecie arabskim po 2010 roku. Red. K. Górak-Sosnowska. Sopot 2016.
Ashrof M.: Islam and Gender Justice. Questions at the Interface. Delhi 2005.
Azam H.: Sexual Violation in Islamic Law. Substance, Evidence, and Procedure. New York 2015.
Balzac H. Fizjologia małżeństwa. Przeł. T. Żeleński-Boy. Gdańsk 2000.
Bauer Th.: Liebe und Liebesdichtung in der arabischen Welt des 9. und 10. Jahrhunderts. Eine literatur- und mentalitätsgeschichtliche Studie des arabischen Ġazal. Wiesbaden 1998.
Bielawski J.: Klasyczna literatura arabska. Warszawa 1995.
Boase R.: The Origin and Meaning of Courtly Love. A Critical Study of European Scholarship. Manchester 1977.
Braudel F.: Gramatyka cywilizacji. Przeł. H. Igalson-Tygielska. Warszawa 2006.
Bunt czy rewolucja. Przemiany na Bliskim Wschodzie po 2010 roku. Red. K. Górak-Sosnowska, K. Pachniak. Łódź 2000.
Buruma I., Margalit A.: Okcydentalizm. Zachód w oczach wrogów. Przeł. A. Lipszyc. Kraków 2005.
„Circles of Hell”. Domestic, Public and State Violence against Women in Egypt. Amnesty International 2015.
Czarna księga kobiet. Red. Ch. Ockrent. Przeł. K. Bartkiewicz. Warszawa 2010.
Danecki J.: Czym pachnie ogród wonności?. „Literatura na Świecie” 1975, nr 8/9, s. 66–85.
Danielson V.: „The Voice of Egypt”. Umm Kulthum, Arabic Song, and Egyptian Society in the Twentieth Century. Chicago–London 2008.
Darwish N.: Now They Call Me Infidel. London 2006.
Dean J.: „Mirror Box” Artist Who Allowed Complete Strangers to Fondle her Genitals and Breasts in Trafalgar Square Arrested. www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/mirror-box-artist-who-al‑lowed-8270069 [data dostępu: 27.12.2018].
Dziekan M.: Dzieje kultury arabskiej. Warszawa 2008.
El Feki Sh.: Seks i cytadela. Życie intymne w arabskim świecie przemian. Przeł. A. Nowakowska. Wołowiec 2015.
El Saadawi N.: The Hidden Face of Eve. London 1980.
Elias N.: O procesie cywilizacji. Analizy socjo- i psychogenetyczne. Przeł. T. Zabłudowski, K. Markiewicz. Warszawa 2011.
Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature. Eds J.S. Meisami, P. Starkey. London – New York 1998.
Freud Z.: Człowiek imieniem Mojżesz a religia monoteistyczna. Przeł. A. Ochocki, J. Prokopiuk. Wstęp A. Ochocki. Oprac. R. Reszke. Warszawa 1994.
Fromm E.: O sztuce miłości. Przeł. A. Bogdański. Wstęp M. Czerwiński. Warszawa 1997.
Fromm E.: Zdrowe społeczeństwo. Przeł. A. Tanalska-Dulęba. Warszawa 1996.
Grimal P.: Miłość w Rzymie. Przeł. J.R. Kaczyński. Warszawa 1990.
Gurr T.R.: Why Men Rebel. New Jersey 1970.
Hassan F.: Islam, Women and the Challenges of Today. Henrico 2006.
Historia życia prywatnego. T. 4: Od rewolucji francuskiej do I wojny światowej. Red. M. Perrot.
Przeł. A. Paderewska-Gryza, B. Panek, W. Gilewski. Warszawa 1999.
Hitti Ph.: Dzieje Arabów. Przeł. W. Dembski, M. Skuratowicz, E. Szymański. Warszawa 1969.
Hołyst B.: Socjologia kryminalistyczna. T. 1. Warszawa 2007.
Hołyst B.: Psychologia kryminalistyczna. Warszawa 2009.
Ibn Dāwūd al-I fahānī: Kitāb az-zahrah (The Book of the Flower). Chicago 1932.
Ibn Hazm: Naszyjnik gołębicy. O miłości i kochankach. Przekład, wstęp, przypisy J. Danecki.
Przekład wierszy A. Witkowska. Warszawa 1976.
Von Scheitern zu Scheitern“: Warum manche Nordafrikaner zu Straftätern werden. www.focus.de/
politik/deutschland/nach-koeln-und-aerger-im-maghreb-viertel-von-scheitern-zu-scheitern-wa‑
rum-manche-nordafrikaner-zu-straftaetern-werden_id_5220050.html [data dostępu: 27.12.2018].
Walther W.: Kobieta w islamie. Warszawa 1982.
al-Waššā, Abū - ayyib: al-Muwaššā. Leyden 1886.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
The Copyright Owners of the submitted texts grant the Reader the right to use the pdf documents under the provisions of the Creative Commons 4.0 International License: Attribution-Share-Alike (CC BY SA). The user can copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose.
1. License
The University of Silesia Press provides immediate open access to journal’s content under the Creative Commons BY-SA 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Authors who publish with this journal retain all copyrights and agree to the terms of the above-mentioned CC BY-SA 4.0 license.
2. Author’s Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author/s, has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author/s.
If the article contains illustrative material (drawings, photos, graphs, maps), the author declares that the said works are of his authorship, they do not infringe the rights of the third party (including personal rights, i.a. the authorization to reproduce physical likeness) and the author holds exclusive proprietary copyrights. The author publishes the above works as part of the article under the licence "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International".
ATTENTION! When the legal situation of the illustrative material has not been determined and the necessary consent has not been granted by the proprietary copyrights holders, the submitted material will not be accepted for editorial process. At the same time the author takes full responsibility for providing false data (this also regards covering the costs incurred by the University of Silesia Press and financial claims of the third party).
3. User Rights
Under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license, the users are free to share (copy, distribute and transmit the contribution) and adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material) the article for any purpose, provided they attribute the contribution in the manner specified by the author or licensor.
4. Co-Authorship
If the article was prepared jointly with other authors, the signatory of this form warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to sign this agreement on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this agreement.
I hereby declare that in the event of withdrawal of the text from the publishing process or submitting it to another publisher without agreement from the editorial office, I agree to cover all costs incurred by the University of Silesia in connection with my application.
