Of Horses and Men. Symbolic Value of Horses in Icelandic Art
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31261/ZOOPHILOLOGICA.2020.06.25Keywords:
koń islandzki, Icelander, mitologia nordycka, Islandia, symbolikaAbstract
Konie stanowią jeden z najpopularniejszych tematów w sztuce islandzkiej. Figura konia islandzkiego (Icelandera) może być intepretowana jako część tożsamości narodowej Islandczyków: od czasów osiedlenia Islandii, konie były obecne podczas budowania państwa oraz tworzenia narodu. Stąd poniższy tekst przedstawia symboliczne znaczenie konia w Islandii poprzez przyjrzenie się dwóm strefom: sacrum (wierzenia oraz mitologia nordycka) i profanum (praca, życie codzienne). Motyw konia rozpatrywany jest tutaj zarówno w tradycyjnych przedstawieniach (w sztuce i literaturze), jak również we współczesnej narracji sztuk wizualnych (malarstwa i filmu). Wywód oparty jest na (ko)relacji konia i człowieka w Islandii, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem tego jak człowiek traktował i przedstawiał konia, oraz jak blisko żyły ze sobą te dwa gatunku na przestrzeni lat.
References
Benjamin, Megan. Horses as Status Symbols: Medieval Icelandic Horses as Symbols of Masculine Honor in a One-sexed World. Falk: Published Online, 2008.
Björnsson, Gísli, and Sveinsson Hjalti. The Icelandic Horse. Reykjavik: Edda Publishing, 2006.
Guðmundsdóttir, Gréta. “Product or Being? Development of the Image of the Icelandic Horse” (Master thesis at The Department of Design and Architecture, Iceland Academy of the Arts, 2014, advisor: Ţorleifsdóttir Kristín). Reykjavik: Iceland Academy of the Arts.
Einarsdóttir, Katrín Sif. The Role of Horses in the Old Norse Sources. Transcending Worlds, Mortality, and Reality (Medieval Icelandic Studies, Hugvísindasvið). Reykjavik: University of Iceland, 2013.
Einarsson, Sigfús Örn. “The Role of the Icelandic Horse in Icelandic History and Its Image in the Icelandic Media” (Final Project in School of Humanities and Social Sciences Lokaverkefni við Hug- og félagsvísindasvið, 2010, supervisor: Meckl Markus). Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Akureyri.
Ingólfsson, Adalsteinn. Jór!: The Horse in Icelandic Art. Reykjavík: Reykjavík Art Museum, 2011.
Konefał, Sebastian Jakub. Kino Islandii. Tradycja i ponowoczesność. Gdańsk: Wydawnictwo w Podwórku, 2016.
Konopka, Emiliana. 2017. Pejzaż – narodowy gatunek malarski Islandii. In Antologia naukowa. Islandia: Język, Naród, Natura. Edited by Roman Chymkowski and Emiliana Konopka, 61–89. Warszawa: Uniwersytet Warszawski, Instytut Kultury Polskiej.
Kvaran Orvar. Þórarinn B. Þorláksson: Pioneer at the Dawn of a Century. Reykjavík: Listasafn Íslands, 2000.
Nolf, Pamela. “Detecting Icelandic Horse Origins.” Icelandic Horse Quarterly, vol. 4 (2012): 18–23.
Tomasson, Baron Fridrikr. Segja Hvada?! Or Insults in Old Norse-Icelandic Literature. 2010. Accessed November 14, 2018. http://www.medievalists.net/2015/04/segjahvada-insults-in-old-norse-icelandic-literature/.
Thoroddsen, Emil. Íslenzk myndlist. 20 listmálarar/ Art in Iceland. 20 artists. Reykjavík: Kristján Friðriksson, 1943.
Schön, Ebbe. Asa-Tors hammare, Gudar och jättar i tro och tradition. Värnamo: Fält & Hässler, 2004.
Seigfried, Karl. How to Make a Níðstöng. 2013. Accessed November 20, 2018. https://www.norsemyth.org/2013/09/how-to-make-nistong-part-one.html.
Shenk, Peter. “To Valhalla by Horseback? Horse Burial in Scandinavia during the Viking Age” (Master’s thesis in Nordic Viking and Medieval Culture, 2002). University of Oslo, The Center for Viking and Medieval Studies, The Faculty of Arts.
Sigurðardóttir, Ingibjörg. Hestatengd ferðaþjónusta á íslandi. Rekstrar- og viðskiptadeild. Akureyri: University of Akureyri, 2004.
Sigurðsson, Gísli. Icelandic National Identity. In Making Europe in Nordic Contexts. Edited by Anttonen Pertii, 41–75. Turku: Nordic Institute of Folklore, University of Turku, 1996.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
The Copyright Owners of the submitted texts grant the Reader the right to use the pdf documents under the provisions of the Creative Commons 4.0 International License: Attribution-Share-Alike (CC BY-SA). The user can copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose.
1. License
The University of Silesia Press provides immediate open access to journal’s content under the Creative Commons BY-SA 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Authors who publish with this journal retain all copyrights and agree to the terms of the above-mentioned CC BY-SA 4.0 license.
2. Author’s Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author/s, has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author/s.
If the article contains illustrative material (drawings, photos, graphs, maps), the author declares that the said works are of his authorship, they do not infringe the rights of the third party (including personal rights, i.a. the authorization to reproduce physical likeness) and the author holds exclusive proprietary copyrights. The author publishes the above works as part of the article under the licence "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International".
ATTENTION! When the legal situation of the illustrative material has not been determined and the necessary consent has not been granted by the proprietary copyrights holders, the submitted material will not be accepted for editorial process. At the same time the author takes full responsibility for providing false data (this also regards covering the costs incurred by the University of Silesia Press and financial claims of the third party).
3. User Rights
Under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license, the users are free to share (copy, distribute and transmit the contribution) and adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material) the article for any purpose, provided they attribute the contribution in the manner specified by the author or licensor.
4. Co-Authorship
If the article was prepared jointly with other authors, the signatory of this form warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to sign this agreement on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this agreement.
I hereby declare that in the event of withdrawal of the text from the publishing process or submitting it to another publisher without agreement from the editorial office, I agree to cover all costs incurred by the University of Silesia in connection with my application.
