The author describes, explains and classifies certification formulae used by Polish sworn translators when translating from Polish to a foreign language. For this purpose, he uses
a collection of 90 certification formulae taken from real sworn translations into English, French, Spanish, German, Russian and Italian, as well as a self-devised system of norms,
these being imperative, desiderative and usage norms. The author concludes that Polish sworn translators, guided by usage norms, use only two types of certification formulae
out of 7 existing ones, i.e. the Polish formula (with all its variants) literally translated into the foreign language and an adaptation of the foreign language formula.
English
Język Polski